Tsarukan ajiya na yau ba kawai suna girma a terabits ba kuma suna da ƙimar canja wurin bayanai, amma kuma suna buƙatar ƙarancin kuzari kuma suna ɗaukar ƙaramin sawun.Waɗannan tsarin kuma suna buƙatar ingantaccen haɗin kai don samar da ƙarin sassauci.Masu ƙira suna buƙatar ƙananan haɗin haɗin gwiwa don samar da ƙimar bayanan da ake buƙata a yau ko nan gaba.Kuma al'ada daga haihuwa zuwa girma kuma a hankali balagagge ba shi da nisa daga aikin yini.Musamman a cikin masana'antar IT, kowace fasaha tana ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka kanta, kamar yadda keɓancewar Serial Attached SCSI (SAS).A matsayin magajin SCSI iri ɗaya, ƙayyadaddun SAS ya kasance na ɗan lokaci.
A cikin shekarun da SAS ya wuce, an inganta ƙayyadaddun bayanansa, kodayake ƙa'idar da ke da alaƙa an kiyaye shi, a zahiri babu wasu canje-canje da yawa, amma ƙayyadaddun na'urorin haɗin haɗin waje sun sami sauye-sauye da yawa, wanda shine daidaitawa da aka yi ta hanyar. SAS don daidaitawa ga yanayin kasuwa, tare da waɗannan "matakan haɓaka zuwa mil dubu" ci gaba da haɓakawa, ƙayyadaddun SAS sun ƙara girma.Masu haɗin haɗin keɓancewa daban-daban ana kiran su SAS, kuma sauye-sauye daga layi ɗaya zuwa serial, daga fasahar SCSI mai kama da fasahar SCSI (SAS) mai alaƙa da fasahar SCSI (SAS) ta canza tsarin tsarin kebul ɗin.SCSI na baya-bayan nan na layi daya na iya aiki mai ƙarewa ɗaya ko banbanta sama da tashoshi 16 har zuwa 320Mb/s.A halin yanzu, tsarin SAS3.0 wanda ya fi kowa a cikin filin ajiyar kasuwancin har yanzu ana amfani da shi a kasuwa, amma bandwidth ya ninka sau biyu fiye da SAS3 wanda ba a inganta shi ba na dogon lokaci, wanda shine 24Gbps, kimanin 75. % na bandwidth na gama gari na PCIe3.0 × 4 m-state drive.Sabbin mai haɗa MiniSAS da aka kwatanta a cikin ƙayyadaddun SAS-4 ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana ba da izinin girma girma.Sabuwar haɗin Mini-SAS shine rabin girman ainihin mahaɗin SCSI da 70% girman mai haɗin SAS.Ba kamar asalin kebul na layi ɗaya na SCSI ba, duka SAS da Mini SAS suna da tashoshi huɗu.Duk da haka, baya ga mafi girma gudun, mafi girma yawa, da kuma ƙarin sassauci, akwai kuma karuwa a cikin rikitarwa.Saboda ƙarami girman mai haɗawa, ainihin masana'anta na kebul, mai haɗa kebul, da mai ƙirar tsarin dole ne su kula sosai ga sigogin siginar sigina a cikin taron na USB.
Ba duk masu tara kebul ba ne ke iya samar da sigina masu saurin gaske masu inganci don biyan buƙatun amincin siginar tsarin ajiya.Masu tara kebul suna buƙatar mafita mai inganci da tsada don sabbin tsarin ajiya.Domin samar da barga, dorewar manyan taro na kebul na USB, ana buƙatar la'akari da abubuwa da yawa.Baya ga kiyaye ingancin injina da sarrafawa, masu zanen kaya suna buƙatar kulawa sosai ga sigogin siginar siginar da ke sa manyan igiyoyin na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai saurin gaske ta yau.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙimar siginar (Wane sigina ya cika?)
Wasu daga cikin manyan ma'auni na amincin sigina sun haɗa da asarar sakawa, kusa-ƙarshe da magana mai nisa, asarar dawowa, karkatar da bambance-bambance a ciki, da girman yanayin bambanci zuwa yanayin gama gari.Ko da yake waɗannan abubuwan suna da alaƙa da juna kuma suna tasiri ga juna, zamu iya yin la'akari da abu ɗaya a lokaci guda don nazarin babban tasirinsa.
Asarar shigarwa (Mahimman sigogi masu girma na asali 01- sigogin attenuation)
Asarar shigarwa shine asarar girman sigina daga ƙarshen kebul na watsawa zuwa ƙarshen karɓa, wanda yayi daidai da mitar.Asarar shigar kuma ya dogara da lambar waya, kamar yadda aka nuna a zanen da ke ƙasa.Don gajeren kewayon abubuwan ciki na kebul na 30 ko 28-AWG, kebul mai inganci yakamata ya kasance yana da ƙasa da 2dB/m attenuation a 1.5GHz.Don 6Gb/s SAS na waje ta amfani da igiyoyi na 10m, ana ba da shawarar kebul tare da matsakaicin ma'aunin layi na 24, wanda ke da attenuation 13dB kawai a 3GHz.Idan kana son ƙarin tazarar sigina a mafi girman ƙimar bayanai, saka kebul ɗin da ba shi da ƙaranci a manyan mitoci don dogon igiyoyi.
Crosstalk (Babban Matsalolin Ma'auni 03- Ma'auni na Crosstalk)
Adadin kuzarin da aka watsa daga sigina ɗaya ko bambanci biyu zuwa wani.Ga kebul na SAS, idan kusada-ƙarshen crosstalk (NEXT) bai isa ba, zai haifar da mafi yawan matsalolin haɗin gwiwa.Ana yin ma'aunin NEXT a ƙarshen kebul ɗaya kawai, kuma shine adadin kuzarin da aka canjawa wuri daga nau'in siginar fitarwa zuwa nau'in shigar da ke karɓa.Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) ana auna ta ta hanyar allurar sigina don nau'in watsawa a ƙarshen kebul ɗin da kuma lura da yawan kuzarin da ya rage akan siginar watsawa a ɗayan ƙarshen kebul ɗin.
Na gaba a cikin haɗin kebul da mai haɗin kebul yawanci ana haifar da shi ta rashin keɓanta nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na sigina, waɗanda ƙila su haifar da kantuna da matosai, ƙasan ƙasa da bai cika ba, ko rashin kula da yankin ƙarewar na USB.Mai tsara tsarin yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa mai haɗa na USB ya magance waɗannan batutuwa guda uku.
Maɓallin hasara don gama gari 100Ω igiyoyi na 24, 26, da 28
Kyakkyawan taro na USB daidai da "SFF-8410-Bayyanawa don Gwajin HSS Copper da Buƙatun Aiki" wanda aka auna gaba ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 3%.Dangane da yanayin s-parameter, NEXT yakamata ya fi 28dB girma.
Asara Komawa (Babban Ma'aunin Ma'auni 06- Asara Komawa)
Asara mai dawowa yana auna adadin kuzarin da ke nunawa daga tsarin ko kebul lokacin da aka yi allurar sigina.Wannan makamashin da aka nuna zai iya haifar da raguwar girman sigina a ƙarshen karɓar kebul kuma zai iya haifar da matsalolin sigina a ƙarshen watsawa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin kutse na lantarki ga tsarin da masu tsara tsarin.
Wannan asarar dawowar tana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin daidaiton ma'auni a cikin haɗin kebul.Ta hanyar magance wannan matsala tare da kulawa mai zurfi ba za a iya canza alamar siginar ba lokacin da ta wuce ta soket, filogi da tashar waya, don haka an rage girman canjin impedance.An sabunta ma'auni na SAS-4 na yanzu zuwa ƙimar impedance na ± 3Ω idan aka kwatanta da ± 10Ω na SAS-2, kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata na igiyoyi masu kyau ya kamata a kiyaye su a cikin juriya na 85 ko 100 ± 3Ω.
Karyata
A cikin kebul na SAS, akwai skew guda biyu skew: tsakanin bambance-bambancen nau'i-nau'i da tsakanin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban (siginar bambancin ka'idar amincin sigina).A ka'idar, idan an shigar da sigina da yawa a ƙarshen kebul ɗin, yakamata su isa ɗayan ƙarshen lokaci guda.Idan waɗannan sigina ba su zo a lokaci ɗaya ba, ana kiran wannan al'amari skew murdiya na kebul, ko jinkirta-skew murdiya.Don bambance-bambancen nau'i-nau'i, karkatar da skew a cikin bambance-bambancen nau'i-nau'i shine jinkiri tsakanin wayoyi biyu na bambancin nau'i-nau'i, kuma karkatacciyar hanya tsakanin bambance-bambancen nau'i-nau'i shine jinkiri tsakanin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban.Babban skew skew na bambance-bambancen nau'i-nau'i zai kara tsananta ma'auni na siginar da aka watsa, rage girman siginar, ƙara yawan lokaci da haifar da matsalolin kutse na lantarki.Bambance-bambancen ingantacciyar na USB zuwa murdiya skew na ciki yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 10ps
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-30-2023