Tsarin ajiya na yau ba wai kawai yana girma a terabits ba kuma yana da mafi girman ƙimar canja wurin bayanai, har ma yana buƙatar ƙarancin kuzari kuma yana ɗaukar ƙaramin sawun ƙafa. Waɗannan tsarin kuma suna buƙatar ingantaccen haɗi don samar da ƙarin sassauci. Masu ƙira suna buƙatar ƙananan haɗin gwiwa don samar da ƙimar bayanai da ake buƙata a yau ko a nan gaba. Kuma al'ada daga haihuwa zuwa ci gaba da girma a hankali ba ta da aikin yini ɗaya. Musamman a masana'antar IT, kowace fasaha tana ci gaba da inganta kanta da haɓaka kanta, kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun SCSI (SAS) na Serial Attached yake. A matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin SCSI mai layi ɗaya, ƙayyadaddun SAS ya kasance na ɗan lokaci.
A cikin shekarun da SAS ta shude, an inganta ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kodayake an riƙe ƙa'idar da ke ƙarƙashinta, a zahiri babu canje-canje da yawa, amma ƙayyadaddun bayanai na mahaɗin haɗin haɗin waje sun fuskanci canje-canje da yawa, wanda shine daidaitawa da SAS ta yi don daidaitawa da yanayin kasuwa, tare da waɗannan matakai na "ƙari zuwa mil dubu" ci gaba da haɓakawa, ƙayyadaddun bayanai na SAS sun zama ƙara girma. Ana kiran masu haɗin haɗin kebul na ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban SAS, kuma sauyawa daga layi ɗaya zuwa layi, daga fasahar SCSI mai layi ɗaya zuwa fasahar SCSI (SAS) mai haɗin serial ya canza tsarin hanyar kebul sosai. SCSI mai layi ɗaya na baya zai iya aiki da iyaka ɗaya ko bambanci akan tashoshi 16 har zuwa 320Mb/s. A halin yanzu, hanyar sadarwa ta SAS3.0 wacce ta fi yawa a fagen ajiyar kasuwanci har yanzu ana amfani da ita a kasuwa, amma bandwidth ya ninka sauri fiye da SAS3 wanda ba a haɓaka shi ba na dogon lokaci, wanda shine 24Gbps, kusan kashi 75% na bandwidth na drive ɗin PCIe3.0×4 mai ƙarfi. Sabon haɗin MiniSAS da aka bayyana a cikin ƙayyadaddun SAS-4 ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana ba da damar samun babban yawa. Sabon haɗin Mini-SAS shine rabin girman haɗin SCSI na asali da kuma 70% girman haɗin SAS. Ba kamar kebul na layi ɗaya na SCSI na asali ba, SAS da Mini SAS suna da tashoshi huɗu. Duk da haka, ban da babban gudu, babban yawa, da ƙarin sassauci, akwai kuma ƙaruwar rikitarwa. Saboda ƙaramin girman mahaɗin, dole ne mai ƙera kebul na asali, mai haɗa kebul, da mai tsara tsarin su kula sosai ga sigogin amincin sigina a duk faɗin haɗa kebul ɗin.
Ba duk masu haɗa kebul ba ne ke iya samar da sigina masu inganci don biyan buƙatun amincin sigina na tsarin ajiya. Masu haɗa kebul suna buƙatar mafita masu inganci da araha don sabbin tsarin ajiya. Domin samar da haɗin kebul masu ƙarfi da dorewa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Baya ga kiyaye ingancin injina da sarrafawa, masu ƙira suna buƙatar kula da ma'aunin amincin sigina waɗanda ke sa kebul na na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu sauri a yau ya yiwu.
Bayanin daidaiton sigina (Wane sigina ne ya cika?)
Wasu daga cikin manyan sigogi na ingancin sigina sun haɗa da asarar shigarwa, magana ta kusa da ƙarshe da ta nesa, asarar dawowa, karkatar da bambancin nau'in a ciki, da kuma girman yanayin bambanci zuwa yanayin gama gari. Duk da cewa waɗannan abubuwan suna da alaƙa kuma suna tasiri ga juna, za mu iya la'akari da abu ɗaya a lokaci guda don nazarin babban tasirinsa.
Asarar sakawa (Ma'aunin mita mai yawa na asali 01- ma'aunin ragewa)
Asarar shigarwa ita ce asarar girman sigina daga ƙarshen kebul ɗin da ke watsawa zuwa ƙarshen karɓa, wanda yake daidai da mitar kai tsaye. Asarar shigarwa kuma ya dogara da lambar waya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane mai rage gudu a ƙasa. Ga ƙananan sassan ciki na kebul na 30 ko 28-AWG, kebul mai inganci yakamata ya kasance ƙasa da raguwar 2dB/m a 1.5GHz. Ga SAS na waje na 6Gb/s ta amfani da kebul na 10m, ana ba da shawarar kebul mai matsakaicin ma'aunin layi na 24, wanda ke da raguwar 13dB kawai a 3GHz. Idan kuna son ƙarin gefen sigina a mafi girman ƙimar bayanai, ƙayyade kebul tare da ƙarancin raguwa a manyan mitoci don manyan kebul.
Crosstalk (Babban Sigogi na Mita 03- Sigogi na Crosstalk)
Adadin kuzarin da ake watsawa daga sigina ɗaya ko haɗin bambanci zuwa wani. Ga kebul na SAS, idan haɗin gwiwa na kusa (NEXT) bai isa ba, zai haifar da mafi yawan matsalolin haɗin gwiwa. Ana yin ma'aunin NEXT a ƙarshen kebul ɗaya kawai, kuma shine adadin kuzarin da aka canjawa daga haɗin haɗin siginar watsawa zuwa haɗin karɓar shigarwa. Ana auna haɗin gwiwa na nesa (FEXT) ta hanyar allurar sigina don haɗin haɗin a ƙarshen kebul ɗin da kuma lura da adadin kuzarin da ya rage akan siginar watsawa a ɗayan ƙarshen kebul ɗin.
NEXT a cikin haɗa kebul da mahaɗi yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin ware nau'ikan bambancin sigina, wanda ƙila yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon wuraren fitarwa da filogi, rashin cikakken tushe, ko rashin iya sarrafa yankin ƙare kebul. Mai tsara tsarin yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa mai haɗa kebul ya magance waɗannan matsaloli uku.
Lanƙwasa na asarar kebul na 100Ω na yau da kullun na 24, 26, da 28
Haɗa kebul mai inganci daidai da "SFF-8410-Specification for HSS Copper Testing and Performance Bukatun" da aka auna NEXT ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 3%. Dangane da sigar s, NEXT ya kamata ya fi 28dB.
Asarar Dawowa (Babban Sigogi na Mita 06- Asarar Dawowa)
Asarar dawowa tana auna adadin kuzarin da aka nuna daga tsarin ko kebul lokacin da aka yi allurar sigina. Wannan kuzarin da aka nuna zai iya haifar da raguwar girman sigina a ƙarshen karɓar kebul ɗin kuma yana iya haifar da matsalolin amincin sigina a ƙarshen watsawa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin tsangwama na lantarki ga masu tsara tsarin da tsarin.
Wannan asarar dawowa tana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin daidaiton impedance a cikin haɗa kebul. Ta hanyar magance wannan matsalar da kulawa sosai ne kawai za a iya rage tasirin siginar lokacin da ta ratsa soket, plug da waya, don haka za a rage canjin impedance. Ana sabunta ma'aunin SAS-4 na yanzu zuwa ƙimar impedance na ±3Ω idan aka kwatanta da ±10Ω na SAS-2, kuma ya kamata a kiyaye buƙatun kebul masu inganci a cikin haƙuri na asali na 85 ko 100±3Ω.
Murgudawar Skew
A cikin kebul na SAS, akwai karkacewar karkacewar guda biyu: tsakanin nau'ikan bambance-bambance da kuma cikin nau'ikan bambance-bambance (siginar bambanci ta ka'idar daidaiton sigina). A ka'ida, idan aka shigar da sigina da yawa a ƙarshen kebul ɗaya, ya kamata su isa ɗayan ƙarshen a lokaci guda. Idan waɗannan sigina ba su isa a lokaci guda ba, wannan lamari ana kiransa karkacewar karkacewar kebul, ko karkacewar jinkiri. Ga nau'ikan bambance-bambance, karkacewar karkacewar da ke cikin nau'in bambance-bambancen shine jinkiri tsakanin wayoyi biyu na nau'in bambance-bambancen, kuma karkacewar karkacewar da ke tsakanin nau'ikan bambance-bambancen shine jinkiri tsakanin saitin nau'ikan bambance-bambancen guda biyu. Babban karkacewar karkacewar karkacewar nau'in bambance-bambancen zai ƙara dagula daidaiton bambancin siginar da aka watsa, rage girman sigina, ƙara jitter lokaci kuma yana haifar da matsalolin tsangwama na lantarki. Bambancin kebul mai kyau zuwa karkacewar karkacewar ciki ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10ps.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-30-2023
