Universal Serial Bus (USB) wataƙila yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa mafi amfani a duniya. Intel da Microsoft ne suka fara shi kuma yana da sauƙin haɗawa da kunnawa gwargwadon iko. Tun bayan ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa ta USB a 1994, bayan shekaru 26 na haɓakawa, ta hanyar USB 1.0/1.1, USB2.0, USB 3.x, a ƙarshe an haɓaka shi zuwa USB4 na yanzu; Yawan watsawa ya kuma ƙaru daga 1.5Mbps zuwa sabuwar 40Gbps. A halin yanzu, ba wai kawai sabbin wayoyin salula da aka ƙaddamar suna tallafawa hanyar sadarwa ta Type-C ba, har ma da kwamfutocin rubutu, kyamarorin dijital, lasifika masu wayo, kayan wutar lantarki na hannu da sauran na'urori sun fara amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta USB ta TYPE-C, wacce aka gabatar cikin nasara a fagen kera motoci. Maimakon USB-A, sabon Model 3 na Tesla yana da tashoshin usB-C, kuma Apple ya canza macBooks da AirPods Pro gaba ɗaya zuwa tashoshin USB Type-C masu tsabta don canja wurin bayanai da caji. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga buƙatun EU, Apple zai kuma yi amfani da kebul na USB type-c a cikin iPhone15 na gaba, kuma babu shakka USB4 zai zama babban kebul na samfura a kasuwa na gaba.
Bukatun kebul na USB4
Babban sauyi a cikin sabon USB4 shine gabatar da ƙayyadaddun ka'idojin Thunderbolt wanda Intel ya raba tare da usb-if. Yana gudana akan hanyoyin haɗi biyu, bandwidth ɗin yana ninka zuwa 40Gbps, kuma Tunnelling yana goyan bayan ka'idojin bayanai da nuni da yawa. Misalan sun haɗa da PCI Express da DisplayPort. Bugu da ƙari, USB4 yana kula da kyakkyawan jituwa tare da gabatar da sabon ka'idar da ke ƙasa, yana dacewa da baya tare da USB3.2/3.1/3.0/2.0, da kuma Thunderbolt 3. Sakamakon haka, USB4 ya zama mafi rikitarwa ma'aunin USB zuwa yau, yana buƙatar masu ƙira su fahimci ƙayyadaddun USB4, USB3.2, USB2.0, USB Type-C da USB Power Delivery. Bugu da ƙari, masu ƙira dole ne su fahimci ƙayyadaddun PCI Express da DisplayPort, da kuma fasahar HIGH-DEFINITION content protection (HDCP) wacce ta dace da yanayin USB4 DisplayPort, kuma kebul da haɗin da muka saba da su suna da manyan buƙatu don biyan buƙatun aikin lantarki na samfuran kebul na USB4 da aka gama.
An samo wani nau'in coaxial na USB4 daga wani wuri
A zamanin USB3.1 10G, masana'antun da yawa sun ɗauki tsarin coaxial don biyan buƙatun aikin mita mai yawa. Ba a taɓa amfani da sigar coaxial a cikin jerin USB ba a da, yanayin aikace-aikacensa galibi shine Littafin Rubutu, wayar hannu, GPS, kayan aikin aunawa, fasahar Bluetooth, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya aikace-aikacen bayanin kebul shine layin coaxial na likita, layin lantarki na teflon coaxial, waya mai coaxial na mitar rediyo, da sauransu, tare da buƙatun sarrafa farashi mai yawa na kasuwa, a zamanin USB3.1 na ɗaurewa don biyan aikin samfurin da sauri ya mamaye kasuwa, amma tare da kasuwar USB4 don buƙatun watsawa mai yawa yana ƙara tsauri, kuma buƙatar watsawa mai sauri yana da ƙarfi ikon hana tsangwama da kwanciyar hankali na aikin lantarki. Domin tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na watsawa mai yawa, babban USB4 na yanzu har yanzu shine babban sigar coaxial, tsarin samarwa da masana'antu na coaxial tsari ne mai rikitarwa, don magance aikace-aikacen mita mai yawa da sauri yana buƙatar kayan aikin samarwa masu dacewa da tsarin samarwa mai girma da kwanciyar hankali. A cikin samar da samfurin, zaɓin kayan aiki, sigogin tsari da kuma sarrafa tsari, sigogin lantarki na gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, a duk tsawon lokacin ci gaban tsarin coaxial, ban da (kudin kayan aiki, farashin sarrafawa mai tsada) wasu suna da kyau, amma ci gaban kasuwa koyaushe yana kan yadda za a cimma mafi girman farashin rukuni, nau'in jujjuyawar biyu koyaushe yana cikin gibin bincike da haɓaka ci gaban coaxial da ci gaba.
Ana iya ganinsa daga tsarin layin coaxial, daga ciki zuwa waje, bi da bi: jagoran tsakiya, layin rufewa, layin watsawa na waje (raga na ƙarfe), fatar waya. Kebul ɗin coaxial wani haɗakar na'urori ne da suka ƙunshi masu jagoranci biyu. Ana amfani da wayar tsakiya ta kebul na coaxial don aika sigina. Tashar kariyar ƙarfe tana taka rawa biyu: ɗaya shine samar da madauki na yanzu don siginar a matsayin ƙasa ta gama gari, ɗayan kuma shine don danne tsangwama na hayaniyar lantarki ga siginar a matsayin ragar kariya. Wayar tsakiya da hanyar sadarwa ta kariya tsakanin layin rufewa na polypropylene mai kumfa, layin rufewa yana ƙayyade halayen watsawa na kebul, kuma yana kare waya ta tsakiya yadda ya kamata, mai tsada yana da dalili mai tsada.
Na'urar USB4 mai rikitarwa tana zuwa?
Yayin da da'irori na lantarki ke aiki a manyan mitoci, halayen lantarki na abubuwan lantarki suna da wahalar fahimta. Idan girman kayan ko girman da'irar gaba ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da tsawon mitar aiki ya fi ɗaya, ƙimar ƙarfin da'irar inductance, ko sassan tasirin parasitic na kayan abu da sauransu, koda lokacin da muke amfani da tsarin haɗin waya, gwajin sigogin mita na asali ba zai iya biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki ba, kuma sassauƙa fiye da sigar coaxial na tsarin da diamitarsa ya yi nisa. Me yasa ba zan iya amfani da kebul ɗin biyu a cikin rukuni ba? Gabaɗaya, mafi girman mitar amfani da kebul, gajeriyar tsawon siginar, kuma ƙaramar ƙimar skew, mafi kyawun tasirin daidaito. Duk da haka, ƙaramin ramin haɗawa zai kawo ƙarancin ingancin samarwa da splashing na wayar tsakiya mai rufi. Fitilar layin layin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, adadin torsion yana da yawa, kuma damuwa na torsion akan sashin an tattara shi da gaske, yana haifar da mummunan lalacewa da lalacewar Layer na rufi, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da karkacewar filin lantarki, yana shafar wasu alamun lantarki kamar ƙimar SRL da raguwa. Idan akwai rashin daidaituwar rufin, nisan da ke tsakanin masu jagoranci yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci saboda juyin juya hali da juyawar layin guda ɗaya na rufin, wanda ke haifar da canjin juriya lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin sauyawa yana da tsayi sosai. A cikin watsawa mai yawan mita, wannan canjin a hankali ana iya gano shi ta hanyar raƙuman lantarki kuma yana shafar ƙimar asarar dawowa. Ba za a iya amfani da sigar USB4 ta biyu a cikin rukuni ba.
Ba a ƙasa ba, amma ba kwa son amfani da coaxial na mutuwa, don haka mutane sun fara tabbatar da bambancin hanyoyin kariya na USB4 don yin samfurin, don murƙushe babban koma-baya shine jagorar juyawa cikin sauƙi, kuma bambanci tare da fakitin layi ɗaya kai tsaye don aikin gida, guje wa karkacewar mai jagora, kamar yadda muka sani, a halin yanzu YANA AMFANI da bambancin SAS, SFP + da sauransu ana amfani da su a cikin layin sauri mai sauri, Ya isa ya nuna cewa aikin sa dole ne ya fi sigar da aka makale, muhimmiyar rawa ta layin bayanai mai mita mai yawa ita ce aika siginar bayanai, amma lokacin da muka yi amfani da shi a kusa na iya bayyana kowane nau'in bayanai masu rikitarwa. Bari mu yi tunani game da idan waɗannan siginar tsangwama suka shiga cikin mai gudanarwa na layin bayanai kuma suka ɗora kan siginar da aka aika ta asali, shin zai yiwu a tsoma baki ko canza siginar da aka watsa ta asali, don haka yana haifar da asarar sigina ko matsaloli masu amfani? Kuma bambancin layin foil na aluminum shine don aika bayanai zuwa gare mu don taka rawar kariya da kariya, wanda ake amfani da shi don rage tsangwama na siginar waje masu zaman kansu don watsawa, babban kayan fakitin bel da jan foil na aluminum shine amfani da hatimin foil na aluminum da kariya, shafi mai gefe ɗaya ko biyu akan fim ɗin filastik, lu: foil ɗin haɗin gwiwa wanda ake amfani da shi azaman garkuwar kebul. Foil ɗin kebul yana buƙatar ƙarancin mai a saman, babu ramuka da manyan halayen injiniya. Tsarin naɗewa shine tattara wayoyi biyu na tsakiya da wayoyi na ƙasa tare ta hanyar injin naɗewa. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da Layer na foil na aluminum da Layer na tef ɗin polyester mai mannewa akan burodi na waje don kare haɗin waya da daidaita tsarin wayoyi na tsakiya. Wannan tsari yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga kadarorin waya, gami da impedance, bambancin jinkiri, raguwa, saboda wannan dole ne ya samar da shi ta hanyar buƙatar fasaha, yin gwaji ga kadarorin lantarki, don tabbatar da cewa wayar tsakiya ta naɗewa ta yi daidai da buƙata. Tabbas, ba duk layukan bayanai suna da layuka biyu na kariya ba. Wasu suna da layuka da yawa, wasu suna da Layer ɗaya kawai, ko babu kwata-kwata. Kariya wani tsari ne na ƙarfe tsakanin yankuna biyu na sarari don sarrafa shigar da hasken wutar lantarki, maganadisu da kuma hasken lantarki daga yanki ɗaya zuwa wani. A taƙaice dai, ana kewaye da zuciyar mai jagora da jikin kariya don hana su shafar siginar filin lantarki/tsangwama ta waje, da kuma hana tsangwama ta filin lantarki/siginar watsawa waje. Gwajin siginar mitar USB na iya zama daidai da kebul na USB4 mai haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke zuwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-16-2022
