USB 4 Gabatarwa
USB4 shine tsarin USB da aka ƙayyade a cikin keɓancewar USB4. The USB Developers Forum ya fitar da nau'insa na 1.0 a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2019. Cikakken sunan USB4 shine Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Ya dogara ne akan fasahar watsa bayanai "Thunderbolt 3" tare da Intel da Apple suka haɓaka. saurin watsa bayanai na USB4 zai iya kaiwa zuwa 40 Gbps, wanda shine sau biyu gudun na baya-bayan nan na USB 2 × 2).
Ba kamar ƙa'idodin yarjejeniyar USB na baya ba, USB4 yana buƙatar mai haɗin USB-C kuma yana buƙatar goyan bayan USB PD don samar da wutar lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da USB 3.2, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar tashoshin DisplayPort da PCI Express. Wannan gine-ginen yana bayyana hanya don raba hanyar haɗin kai mai sauri guda ɗaya tare da nau'ikan na'urori masu yawa, waɗanda zasu iya sarrafa watsa bayanai ta nau'i da aikace-aikace. Samfuran USB4 dole ne su goyi bayan abin fitarwa na 20 Gbit/s kuma suna iya tallafawa abin da aka samar na 40 Gbit/s. Koyaya, saboda watsa ramin rami, lokacin watsa bayanai masu gauraya, koda kuwa ana watsa bayanai akan adadin 20 Gbit/s, ainihin adadin watsa bayanai na iya zama sama da na USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
USB4 ya kasu kashi biyu: 20Gbps da 40Gbps. Na'urorin da ke da kebul na USB4 da ke samuwa a kasuwa na iya bayar da ko dai gudun 40Gbps na Thunderbolt 3 ko rage sigar 20Gbps. Idan kana son siyan na'ura mai saurin watsawa, wato, 40Gbps, yana da kyau a bincika takamaiman bayanai kafin yin siyan. Don al'amuran da ke buƙatar watsawa mai sauri, zabar USB 3.1 C TO C mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci kamar yadda shine maɓalli don cimma ƙimar 40Gbps.
Mutane da yawa sun ruɗe game da dangantakar dake tsakanin USB4 da Thunderbolt 4. A gaskiya ma, duka Thunderbolt 4 da USB4 an gina su ne bisa ka'idar ƙa'idar Thunderbolt 3. Sun dace da juna kuma suna dacewa. Abubuwan musaya duk nau'in-C ne, kuma matsakaicin gudun shine 40 Gbps na duka biyun.
Da farko dai, kebul na USB4 da muke magana akai shine tsarin watsa kebul na USB, wanda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ka'ida ne da ke da alaƙa da aiki da ingancin watsawar USB. Ana iya fahimtar USB4 a matsayin "ƙarni na huɗu" na wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
The USB watsa yarjejeniya da aka hade samarwa da kuma ɓullo da mahara kamfanoni ciki har da Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, da Nortel a 1994. An sake shi a matsayin USB V0.7 version a kan Nuwamba 11, 1994. Daga baya, wadannan kamfanoni kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don inganta da kuma goyon bayan USB a 1995, mai suna, USB Implementers - USB Implementers - USB Implementers - USB Implementers, da kuma USB Implementers. kungiya.
A cikin 1996, USB-IF bisa hukuma ya ba da shawarar keɓancewar USB1.0. Duk da haka, yawan watsawar USB1.0 ya kasance 1.5 Mbps kawai, matsakaicin abin da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu shine 5V/500mA, kuma a lokacin, akwai ƙananan na'urorin da ke goyan bayan USB, don haka masana'antun motherboard ba safai suke tsara hanyoyin haɗin USB kai tsaye a kan motherboard.
Kebul na USB 1.0
A cikin Satumba 1998, USB-IF ya fito da ƙayyadaddun USB 1.1. An ƙara yawan watsawa zuwa 12 Mbps wannan lokacin, kuma an gyara wasu bayanan fasaha a cikin USB 1.0. Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu ya kasance 5V/500mA.
A cikin Afrilu 2000, an ƙaddamar da ma'aunin USB 2.0, tare da saurin watsawa na 480 Mbps, wanda shine 60MB/s. Yana da sau 40 fiye da na USB 1.1. Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu shine 5V/500mA, kuma yana ɗaukar ƙirar 4-pin. USB 2.0 har yanzu ana amfani dashi har yau kuma ana iya cewa shine ma'aunin USB mafi dadewa.
An fara daga USB 2.0, USB-IF sun nuna "babban hazaka" wajen sake suna.
A watan Yuni 2003, USB-IF ya sake suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ƙa'idodin USB, yana canza USB 1.0 zuwa USB 2.0 Low-Speed version, USB 1.1 zuwa USB 2.0 Full-Speed version, da USB 2.0 zuwa USB 2.0 High-Speed version.
Koyaya, wannan canjin yana da ɗan tasiri akan halin da ake ciki yanzu a wancan lokacin, saboda USB 1.0 da 1.1 sun bar matakin tarihi.
A cikin Nuwamba 2008, USB 3.0 Promoter Group, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan masana'antu irin su Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, da ST-NXP, sun kammala ma'aunin USB 3.0 kuma sun fito da shi a bainar jama'a. Sunan hukuma da aka bayar shine "SuperSpeed ". Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun USB ita ce ke da alhakin haɓakawa da tsara ka'idodin kebul na USB, kuma a ƙarshe za a mika ka'idodin zuwa USB-IF don gudanarwa.
Matsakaicin adadin watsawa na USB 3.0 ya kai 5.0 Gbps, wanda shine 640MB/s. Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu shine 5V/900mA. Yana da cikakken jituwa tare da 2.0 kuma yana goyan bayan watsa bayanai mai cikakken duplex (watau yana iya karɓa da aika bayanai lokaci guda, yayin da USB 2.0 ke da rabin duplex), da kuma samun ingantacciyar damar sarrafa wutar lantarki da sauran fasalulluka.
USB 3.0 yana ɗaukar ƙirar 9-pin. Na farko 4 fil iri ɗaya ne da na USB 2.0, yayin da sauran fil 5 an kera su musamman don USB 3.0. Don haka, zaku iya tantance ko USB 2.0 ne ko USB 3.0 ta fil.
A cikin Yuli 2013, USB 3.1 aka saki, tare da watsa gudun 10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), da'awar shi ne SuperSpeed+, kuma matsakaicin izinin samar da wutar lantarki ya tashi zuwa 20V/5A, wanda shine 100W.
Haɓakawa na USB 3.1 idan aka kwatanta da USB 3.0 shima a bayyane yake. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba, USB-IF ya sake suna USB 3.0 azaman USB 3.1 Gen1, da USB 3.1 azaman USB 3.1 Gen2.
Wannan canjin suna ya haifar da matsala ga masu siye saboda yawancin ƴan kasuwa marasa gaskiya sun yiwa samfura alamar suna tallafawa USB 3.1 a cikin marufi ba tare da nuna ko Gen1 ne ko Gen2 ba. A zahiri, aikin watsawa na biyun ya bambanta sosai, kuma masu amfani za su iya faɗa cikin tarko da gangan. Saboda haka, wannan canjin suna ya kasance mummunan motsi ga yawancin masu amfani.
A watan Satumba na 2017, an saki USB 3.2. Karkashin USB Type-C, yana goyan bayan tashoshi 10 Gbps dual don watsa bayanai, tare da saurin zuwa 20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), kuma matsakaicin fitarwa na halin yanzu shine 20V/5A. Sauran bangarorin suna da ƙananan haɓakawa.
▲Tsarin sunan USB yana canzawa
Koyaya, a cikin 2019, USB-IF ya zo da wani canjin suna. Sun canza sunan USB 3.1 Gen1 (wanda shine asalin USB 3.0) zuwa USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (wanda shine asalin USB 3.1) azaman USB 3.2 Gen2, da USB 3.2 azaman USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2.
Yanzu da Nan gaba: Tsallake Gaba na USB4
Yanzu da mun isa USB4, bari mu dubi haɓakawa da haɓaka wannan sabuwar ƙa'idar yarjejeniya. Da farko dai, tun da haɓakar tsararraki ne daga “3″ zuwa “4″, haɓakawa dole ne ya zama mahimmanci.
Dangane da duk bayanan da muka tattara, an taƙaita sabbin abubuwan USB4 kamar haka:
1. Matsakaicin saurin watsawa na 40 Gbps:
Ta hanyar watsa tashoshi biyu, matsakaicin matsakaicin saurin watsawa na USB4 yakamata ya iya kaiwa 40 Gbps, wanda yayi daidai da na Thunderbolt 3 (wanda ake kira "Thunderbolt 3" a ƙasa).
A zahiri, USB4 zai sami saurin watsawa uku: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, da 40 Gbps. Don haka idan kuna son siyan na'ura mai saurin watsawa, wato, 40 Gbps, zai fi kyau ku bincika ƙayyadaddun bayanai kafin siyan.
2. Mai jituwa tare da musaya na Thunderbolt 3:
Wasu (ba duka ba) na'urorin USB4 kuma na iya dacewa da mu'amalar Thunderbolt 3. Wato idan na'urarka tana da kebul na USB4, yana iya yiwuwa a haɗa na'urar Thunderbolt 3 a waje. Duk da haka, wannan ba dole ba ne. Ko ya dace ko bai dace ba ya dogara da halayen masana'anta.
3. Ƙarfin rarraba albarkatun bandwidth mai ƙarfi:
Idan kuna amfani da tashar USB4 yayin da kuke amfani da shi don haɗa nuni da canja wurin bayanai, tashar jiragen ruwa za ta ware madaidaicin bandwidth gwargwadon halin da ake ciki. Misali, idan bidiyon kawai yana buƙatar 20% na bandwidth don fitar da nunin 1080p, to sauran 80% na bandwidth za a iya amfani da su don wasu ayyuka. Wannan bai yiwu ba a cikin USB 3.2 da kuma zamanin da suka gabata. Kafin haka, yanayin aiki na USB ya kasance yana ɗaukar bi da bi.
4. USB4 na'urorin duk za su goyi bayan USB PD
Kebul PD isar da wutar lantarki ce ta USB (watsawar wutar lantarki), wanda shine ɗayan ka'idodin caji mai sauri na yau da kullun. Ƙungiyar USB-IF ce ta tsara ta. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun na iya cimma mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki da igiyoyi, tare da matsakaicin watsa wutar lantarki ya kai 100W, kuma ana iya canza hanyar watsa wutar lantarki kyauta.
Dangane da ka'idodin USB-IF, daidaitaccen nau'in ƙirar caji na USB PD na yanzu yakamata ya zama USB Type-C. A cikin kebul na USB Type-C, akwai fil biyu, CC1 da CC2, waɗanda ake amfani da su don tashoshi na sadarwa na PD.
5. Kebul Type-C kawai za a iya amfani da shi
Tare da fasalin da ke sama, dabi'a ce cewa za mu iya sanin cewa USB4 na iya aiki ta hanyar haɗin USB Type-C kawai. A zahiri, ba kawai USB PD ba, har ma a cikin wasu sabbin ka'idoji na USB-IF, yana aiki ne kawai ga Type-C.
6. Zai iya zama mai dacewa da baya tare da ka'idojin da suka gabata
Ana iya amfani da USB4 tare da USB 3 da USB 2 na'urorin da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Wato yana iya komawa baya ya dace da ka'idojin yarjejeniya da suka gabata. Koyaya, USB 1.0 da 1.1 ba su da tallafi. A halin yanzu, hanyoyin sadarwa masu amfani da wannan yarjejeniya sun kusan bace daga kasuwa.
Tabbas, lokacin haɗa na'urar USB4 zuwa tashar USB 3.2, ba zata iya watsawa cikin saurin 40 Gbps ba. Kuma tsohuwar kebul na USB 2 ba zai yi sauri ba saboda an haɗa shi da kebul na USB4.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-21-2025
